In an era where digital connectivity is integral to daily life and democratic engagement, government-imposed internet shutdowns have emerged as a formidable tool to suppress dissent and control information.

The year 2024 witnessed an alarming surge in such shutdowns, with 296 instances documented across 54 countries, marking a significant increase from the previous year’s 283 shutdowns in 39 countries.

These actions stifle free expression. It also inflict substantial economic losses, amounting to $7.69 billion globally in 2024.

To resist these oppressive measures, individuals and communities can adopt the following strategies:

1. Employ Virtual Private Networks (VPNs):

VPNs encrypt internet traffic, enabling users to bypass censorship and access restricted content. However, it’s crucial to note that some regimes, such as the Myanmar’s government, have intensified efforts to block VPN services and penalize their usage. Therefore, selecting reliable VPN providers and staying informed about their legal implications is essential.

2. Utilize Encrypted Messaging Applications:

Platforms like Signal and Telegram offer end-to-end encryption, ensuring private communication channels. In Iran, activists have relied on these apps to organize and disseminate information amidst stringent internet restrictions. It’s advisable to download and familiarize oneself with these applications before any potential shutdown.

3. Establish Mesh Networks:

Decentralized mesh networks allow devices to connect directly, forming an independent communication web. During the Hong Kong protests, demonstrators employed apps like Bridgefy to maintain connectivity without relying on traditional internet infrastructure. Implementing such networks can be pivotal during extensive shutdowns.

4. Leverage Offline Communication Tools:

Applications such as Nahoft enable users to send encrypted messages that can be hidden within images, facilitating covert communication. Developed for use in Iran, Nahoft exemplifies innovative solutions tailored to circumvent digital censorship.

5. Engage with Advocacy Organizations:

Collaborating with international groups like Access Now’s #KeepItOn campaign can amplify efforts against internet shutdowns. These organizations provide resources, support, and a platform to document and challenge such violations.

6. Monitor and Document Censorship:

Tools provided by the Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI) enable individuals to detect, document, and analyze instances of internet censorship. Collecting this data is vital for advocacy and holding authorities accountable.

7. Prepare Alternative Communication Channels:

Establishing protocols for using SMS, radio broadcasts, or offline messaging can ensure the continuity of information flow during shutdowns. In Sudan, for instance, activists resorted to traditional media and word-of-mouth to disseminate information when the internet was inaccessible.

8. Raise Awareness and Advocate Internationally:

Highlighting the broader implications of internet shutdowns, including economic losses and human rights violations, can pressure governments to reconsider such actions. In 2024, the global economy suffered a $7.69 billion loss due to these shutdowns, attesting to their detrimental impact.

By proactively implementing these measures, individuals and communities can bolster their resilience against internet shutdowns, safeguarding their rights to information and free expression in this digital age.